https://www.juac.ir/ Management Research and Development en daily 1 Thu, 21 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0330 Thu, 21 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.juac.ir/article_215505.html The aim of present research is study of intended curriculum change in practice (performance) by faculty members with research synthesis approach that considered with qualitative content analysis. Analysis references included several books, thesis and research-scientific articles published during 1010-2020 related to research purpose searching in internal and external databases based on inclusion criteria and 108 cases are identified and finally, based on exclusion criteria, 48 cases selected. Researcher employed the designed worksheet form to collect information. To verify reliability and assurance about coding, two examiners re-encode the findings. Cohen's kappa coefficient formula is used to attain to agreement rate of examiners that is 0.7. For analyzing the data, according to Roberts ‘six-step synthesis research model, the coding is conducted by Nvivo-10 software. The results of research indicated that between 685 open codes, 45 items from exemplars, 9 categories as subordinate themes in second phase and in final coding, 3 core categories included terms, strategies, Crises in education, educational approaches and key elements implemented in the curriculum were identified. https://www.juac.ir/article_215509.html There are many definitions of justice in various Islamic sources and the opinions of thinkers. Still, their most important are: "putting everything in its place, giving the right to the rightful, fulfilling the right, and respecting the rights". Justice in Islam has different levels of individual, the system of existence, God, legislation, and social. Islam considers justice as absolute. Among the most important aspects of justice, social, and political aspects have been mentioned. All divine prophets have been sent to realize this principle. The religion of Islam has put the realization of social justice at the top of its goals, and there are many verses about justice. In such a way that Imam Ali (a.s.) calls the Qur'an the speaker of justice. Also, the negative delay that autocracy has had in preventing the flourishing of the ideas of justice in thought, and action, has caused its regressive course from idealism to realism. This theory can be deduced that the increase of autocracy, and insecurity in the political system has led to the stagnation, and limitation of applying the theories of justice, and their practical transfer from idealism to realism. In this research, the dimensions, and indicators of justice in Islam have been compared with Western thought. https://www.juac.ir/article_215508.html The emergence of any type of pandemic causes disruption of the economic activity of various businesses and leads to problems in the supply and demand of these industries. In this research, we will analyze the impact of the corona pandemic on the sales of the Shoneys company's product using a time series analysis, using the data of the total monthly sales of a chocolate product from June 2019 to March 2011. In order to predict the future demand of the product, two methods of ARIMA modeling and Monte Carlo simulation have been used. Finally, by comparing the amount of MAPE prediction error obtained from two methods, it was concluded that the prediction using the Monte Carlo simulation method in Crystal Ball software has high accuracy. According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that the managers of Shouniz company, in view of the increase in demand for the product, a long-term strategic plan for the supply of raw materials and the allocation of skilled manpower, increasing the efficiency of the production line, providing transportation facilities, etc. consider https://www.juac.ir/article_215507.html The current research seeks to identify the dimensions of technological innovation capabilities that are effective in improving the performance of the Mashhad Municipal Bus Organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative stage included 13 experts (top managers of the bus organization and university professors) who were selected using the snowball sampling method, and in the quantitative stage, they included 350 employees of the bus organization who, using the table Morgan and random sampling method, 180 of them were included in the research process. The software used to analyze the research data was SPSS version 2023. The steps of the Delphi method in the present study were completed in three rounds. In each round, the mean, standard deviation, and Kendall's correlation coefficient were fully and accurately calculated, and after reaching a relative consensus on the components, dimensions of the indicators, and based on the results of the standard deviation of the answers given by the panel members, the importance level was determined. The indices have decreased and more than 90% of them have decreased below 0.05 in the third round. Also, among the identified components, innovation has the highest average rank and is ranked first, and interaction is ranked second, communication is ranked third, knowledge is ranked fourth, leadership is ranked fifth, integrity is ranked sixth, and support from top managers of the organization is ranked seventh and Reward and motivation are ranked eighth. https://www.juac.ir/article_215506.html The aim of the current research is to provide a model of the effectiveness of organizational culture in knowledge sharing and organizational innovation on expanding competitive advantage in wire and cable companies in Yazd province from 2018 to 2023. The current research is a descriptive and quantitative applied research and uses available sampling method. The statistical population of the research includes all the managers of wire and cable companies in Yazd, and the statistical sample includes 50 selected managers and experts of the wire and cable industry in Yazd, whose information has been collected over a 5-year period. In this research, four variables of competitive advantage, knowledge sharing, organizational culture and organizational innovation were selected as research variables, and the measurement of these variables was done according to the theoretical framework of the research in the form of a questionnaire and in the form of a Likert scale. The findings of the present research show that organizational culture is an influencing factor on competitive advantage and most of its impact is directly on competitive advantage. Also, organizational culture has a significant impact on organizational innovation and knowledge sharing, and these two variables also show a significant relationship with competitive advantage. https://www.juac.ir/article_222808.html This study examines pricing strategies in a closed-loop green supply chain that integrates forward and reverse logistics to strike a balance between economic profitability and environmental sustainability. By addressing customer segmentation and dynamic market behaviors, this research highlights the challenges of developing effective pricing mechanisms that respond to diverse customer preferences, including price sensitivity, environmental awareness, and willingness to engage in reverse logistics. The proposed model integrates dynamic cost factors such as demand elasticity, life cycle costs, and sustainability rewards to optimize pricing strategies. Using k-means clustering, customers are divided into price-sensitive, value-oriented, and sustainability-focused groups, which enables customized pricing approaches. A dynamic pricing model, supported by sensitivity analysis and visualization techniques, assesses the impact of market fluctuations on pricing decisions. This comprehensive methodology provides practical insights for designing adaptive and sustainable pricing models that align with circular economy goals. By bridging the gap between profitability and environmental responsibility, this research contributes to the development of sustainable supply chain practices that meet modern business and ecological needs. https://www.juac.ir/article_225771.html Strategic decision-making processes in universities, as centers of knowledge production and education, play a vital role in societal development. However, structural and procedural pathologies in these systems lead to decreased decision quality, implementation delays, and stakeholder dissatisfaction. Identifying and analyzing these pathologies is essential for improving university performance. This research aims to identify and analyze the main pathologies of strategic decision-making processes in universities and to present a comprehensive model for improvement. The main research questions are: What are the primary pathologies of strategic decision-making in universities? How do these pathologies relate to decision quality indicators? And what are the features of an optimal improvement model? This study was conducted using a quantitative-descriptive approach with a survey design. The population consisted of 494 academic managers and leaders from universities in the northwestern region of the country, from which 387 individuals were selected as the final sample (response rate: 78.4%). The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, with content validity confirmed by 10 experts and reliability calculated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The results showed that the highest pathologies were related to power centralization (mean = 3.90) and bureaucratic delays (mean = 3.82). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between pathological variables and decision quality indicators (e.g., lack of transparency with decision quality: r = -0.527, p < 0.001). The multiple regression model explained 66.2% of the variance in decision quality (R² = 0.662, F(4,382) = 187.27, p < 0.001). An independent t-test showed no significant difference between public and private universities (p > 0.05). The pathologies of strategic decision-making in universities are widespread and multidimensional. The proposed model includes four key components: a participatory decision-making structure, an integrated communication system, transparent decision-making processes, and leadership training programs. Implementing this model could lead to a 20% to 40% improvement in various decision quality indicators. The findings of this research provide a scientific basis for policymakers and university managers to reform decision-making structures and processes. https://www.juac.ir/article_215504.html The aim of this study was to examine the impact of vulnerable attachment and childhood ‎trauma on ‎identity crisis in adolescents. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted ‎with 181 adolescents ‎selected through convenience sampling from schools in Aq Qala County. ‎Data were collected using the ‎Identity Crisis Questionnaire, the Vulnerable ‎Attachment Scale, and the Childhood Trauma ‎Questionnaire. The results of statistical analyses revealed that both vulnerable attachment and ‎‎childhood trauma had a significant positive relationship with identity crisis in adolescents. In ‎particular, ‎vulnerable attachment was found to be a predictor of identity crisis, and childhood ‎trauma significantly ‎contributed to the increase in identity crisis. Stepwise regression analysis ‎showed that these two ‎variables collectively accounted for 33.3% of the variance in identity ‎crisis. These findings highlight the ‎importance of early childhood experiences and attachment ‎relationships in the formation of identity ‎crisis in adolescents and can serve as a foundation for ‎designing psychological and preventive ‎interventions in this area.‎ https://www.juac.ir/article_216121.html The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of innovative educational management approaches on ‎the development of social skills in first-grade primary school students. This research utilizes a ‎descriptive-correlational method, employing a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The statistical ‎population of the study consists of 230 teachers and educational administrators from primary schools in ‎Isfahan County during the 2024-2025 academic year. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise ‎regression analysis were used. The results indicated that innovative educational management ‎approaches have a significant positive impact on the social skills of students, especially group and ‎cooperative learning methods in classrooms, which enhance students' social skills. The regression ‎analysis showed that innovative educational management approaches are capable of predicting 33.3% of ‎the students' social skills. Additionally, the analyses revealed that teachers' demographic characteristics ‎‎(such as experience and school type) also influence students' social skills. This study emphasizes the ‎necessity of utilizing educational interventions based on innovative approaches in schools and suggests ‎that teachers should focus on enhancing social skills and group interactions in the design and ‎implementation of educational programs. The limitations of the study include limited sampling and the ‎use of self-report tools, and future research could benefit from long-term methods and more diverse ‎samples for a more precise investigation of this topic.‎ https://www.juac.ir/article_222806.html The learning revolution in the 21st century, as a new educational paradigm, is considered to be the basis for fundamental changes in the world's educational systems. This research aims to identify the key components of the learning revolution and analyze the factors affecting educational change in secondary schools in Bushehr. The research methodology is based on a mixed-method explanatory sequence design in which quantitative data from 384 students and 96 teachers were collected and analyzed with advanced statistical methods. The quantitative findings indicate a significant difference between traditional and modern methods in the development of 21st century skills, such that critical thinking (t = -8.45, p < 0.001, d = 1.21) and creativity (t = -7.32, p < 0.001, d = 1.07) show significant improvement. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant influence of educational technology (β = 0.34), teacher education (β = 0.28), and school leadership (β = 0.22) on the success of educational transformation (R² = 0.56, p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis of the interviews identified five main themes: changing teacher roles (28.1%), technology (23.8%), assessment (20.0%), student motivation (18.1%), and implementation challenges (16.3%). This study offers important policy implications for designing evidence-based educational programs and developing operational frameworks for educational transformation. https://www.juac.ir/article_222807.html The work is the product of research on how we analyze our speech, in the school program at the male education, and in the study of human letters, and in the study of social studies The study of education, and the study of society, particularly in the human and social scientific area, and studying the process of this system, and its changes in the history of life, are an area of research ammunition. In this research the national school documents lay in three levels; a description, a interpretation, and test of our analysis. The results of this argument present an ideological theory of Islam and Arab culture and the universal theory of the sociology field and of human science. and a portrait of the general spirit of education in Iran. They are bound by the knowledge of the writer and of the man they share https://www.juac.ir/article_225752.html he aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology training in reducing abnormal behaviors in the university. The method of this research was done in a semi-trial manner with a pre-test design - so the test was done with the control group. The study population of all students of higher education was Azad University of Tehran in the academic year 1403-1402. From the statistical population in question using the Incomplete Behaviors Questionnaire (2001), students who received a score higher than the cut-off point were selected and, at a later stage, among these individuals، 45 People were selected in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) and each group with 15 students, and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. In this study, an abusive behavior questionnaire (2001) was used. Teaching moral reasoning and positive psychology was used as intervention and the control group received no intervention and waited for treatment. DATA OF COVARIANCE ANALYSIS WAS ANALYZED BY THE STATISTICAL TEST OF COVARIANCE ANALYSIS THROUGH SOFTWARE. https://www.juac.ir/article_225772.html Background and Aim: Suicidal ideation and low distress tolerance are key risk factors in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained efficacy of logotherapy and to examine the mediating role of "meaning in life" in this process. Methodology: In a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, a three-month follow-up, and a control group, 60 adolescents (14-18 years old) with a history of suicide attempts were randomly assigned to either a logotherapy group (8 sessions) or a treatment-as-usual group. Participants completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and mediation analysis (PROCESS Macro). Findings: The results showed a significant time × group interaction effect for both dependent variables ( ). The logotherapy group demonstrated a significant reduction in suicidal ideation and a significant increase in distress tolerance at post-test and follow-up compared to the control group. Mediation analysis confirmed that the increase in "meaning in life" fully mediated the intervention's effect on the reduction of suicidal ideation ( ) and the increase in distress tolerance ( ). Conclusion: Logotherapy is an effective and sustainable intervention for adolescents at risk of suicide. By directly enhancing meaning and purpose in life, this approach indirectly leads to a decrease in suicidal thoughts and an increase in the capacity to cope with painful emotions. https://www.juac.ir/article_225773.html Background and Aim: Internet addiction, high-risk behaviors, and bullying are prevalent challenges during adolescence, often rooted in family dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a family-based intervention, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based parent-child relationship training, on these three problem variables in students. Methodology: In a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design, 80 parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Parents in the experimental group participated in an 8-session ACT-based training program. Students in both groups completed the Young's Internet Addiction Test, the Iranian Adolescent Risk-taking Scale, and the Illinois Bullying Scale at both stages. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The multivariate tests revealed a significant overall effect for the intervention . Subsequent univariate analyses indicated that, after controlling for pre-test scores, the experimental group students showed significantly lower scores in internet addiction , high-risk behaviors , and bullying compared to the control group. Conclusion: Parent training based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy principles is an effective strategy for concurrently reducing a wide range of externalizing problem behaviors in adolescents. This finding underscores the importance of family-based interventions that focus on enhancing parental psychological flexibility. https://www.juac.ir/article_225774.html Background and Objective: Despite the widespread influence of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences in educational literature, its empirical validity as a predictive tool for academic and career choices has remained ambiguous. This study was conducted with the primary objective of explaining the structural relationship and assessing the predictive validity of the multiple intelligences profile in students' selection of academic majors. Methodology: This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included twelfth-grade students in Tehran, from which a sample of 350 students (191 female, 159 male) was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the standardized Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire (McKenzie, 1999) and a researcher-developed questionnaire to determine the academic major. The data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Findings: The results indicated that the regression model based on the eight dimensions of intelligence significantly predicted the choice of academic major ( ) and possessed a high explanatory power ( ). The overall accuracy of the model in correctly classifying students was 85.1%. Visual-Spatial intelligence was the strongest predictor for the field of Arts ( ), and Naturalist intelligence was a key predictor for the field of Experimental Sciences ( ). Conclusion: The findings of this research provide strong empirical evidence for the predictive validity of the multiple intelligences theory in the context of educational guidance. The results show that students' intelligence profiles are a determining and measurable factor in their inclination towards different academic fields. These findings can provide the scientific basis for revising traditional counseling approaches and developing data-driven, multidimensional talent assessment tools. https://www.juac.ir/article_225775.html Life skills education in elementary school plays a fundamental role in the holistic development of students, yet teachers face numerous challenges in the effective implementation of these programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified ten essential life skills, including self-awareness, empathy, problem-solving, critical thinking, and emotion management, for developing children's psychosocial competencies. This study aims to identify and deeply analyze the challenges faced by primary school teachers in life skills education and to examine the relationship between these challenges and teachers' self-efficacy. The present research was conducted using a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach, employing a phenomenological method. The study's population consisted of primary school teachers in the city of Tabriz, from which 384 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection instruments included semi-structured interviews, an educational challenges questionnaire, and a self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive-inferential statistics in SPSS software. The results indicated that time constraints (mean = 4.18), lack of specialized training (mean = 4.12), and curriculum pressure (mean = 4.10) were the most significant challenges for teachers. Teachers' self-efficacy was highest in teaching communication skills (mean = 3.64) and empathy (mean = 3.59) compared to other skills. Regression analysis showed that educational challenges predicted 57.3% of the variance in the quality of life skills education (R² = 0.573, F = 72.41, p < 0.001). Organizational and structural challenges are considered the most significant barriers to effective life skills education. Developing in-service training programs, revising the curriculum, and strengthening organizational support are essential strategies for improving the current situation. https://www.juac.ir/article_225776.html Background and Aim: Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a transformative force holds the potential to redefine traditional paradigms of curriculum planning and educational management. This study aims to investigate the impact of AI integration on the nature of the curriculum and the evolution of managerial roles in smart schools in Iran. Methodology: This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN → qual). In the quantitative phase, 400 principals and teachers from smart schools were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using correlation and t-tests. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in educational technology and senior principals, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Quantitative results indicated a significant positive correlation between the level of AI integration and the degree of curriculum personalization (r = .58) and the use of smart formative assessment (r = .64). Furthermore, principals who utilize a high level of smart technologies dedicate significantly more time to instructional leadership (p < .001). Qualitative findings explained these results, revealing that the principal's role is shifting from an "executive administrator" to a "learning ecosystem architect," which requires new competencies such as data literacy and adaptive leadership. Conclusion: AI is not merely a tool but a catalyst for fundamental transformation in education. To fully realize the potential of this technology, the educational system must focus on redefining the role of principals and empowering them to lead this complex and critical transition. https://www.juac.ir/article_225777.html With the increasing expansion of digital technologies in global education systems, the need for a valid and reliable tool to assess the digital maturity of schools is more critical than ever. Despite the existence of numerous international models, the lack of a comprehensive model tailored to the conditions of Iran's education system is a major challenge. The main purpose of this study is to design and validate a comprehensive model for assessing the digital maturity of Iranian schools, based on global standards while being adapted to the country's local context. The primary research question is: Does the designed five-dimensional model for assessing school digital maturity have adequate validity and reliability? This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach with an instrument development design. In the qualitative phase, the initial model was designed after a systematic literature review and interviews with 15 experts. In the quantitative phase, a sample of 450 schools from eight provinces was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection instrument was a 24-item questionnaire designed across five dimensions: Management and Leadership, Technological Infrastructure, Digital Skills, Digital Educational Content, and Evaluation and Monitoring. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five-dimensional model had good fit indices (CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.943, RMSEA = 0.067). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients for the five dimensions ranged from 0.808 to 0.882. The mean total score for school digital maturity was 2.88 out of 5, indicating a moderate level of digital maturity. Multiple regression analysis showed that school ownership type and the number of students were significantly correlated with the digital maturity score (p < 0.05). The designed model is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the digital maturity of Iranian schools. This model can serve as a basis for developing educational technology policies and strategic planning in the Ministry of Education. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for greater attention to developing the digital skills of educational staff and improving schools' technological infrastructure. https://www.juac.ir/article_225778.html Student dropout is a fundamental challenge for education systems worldwide, imposing significant economic and social consequences on both society and individuals. With the development of modern technologies and the widespread use of educational information systems, a vast amount of educational data is generated, enabling advanced analytics. Big data and machine learning techniques have created unprecedented opportunities for the early identification of students at risk of dropping out. The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for predicting student dropout using big data analysis and machine learning algorithms. The research questions are: 1) Which factors have the most significant impact on the risk of dropping out? 2) Which machine learning algorithm performs best in predicting dropout? 3) How can an effective early warning system be designed? This research was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design. The sample consisted of 450 students from various Iranian universities, selected through stratified random sampling. The data included demographic variables, academic performance, attendance rates, participation levels, and socio-economic factors. Six machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, and Decision Tree—were used for data analysis. The models were validated using 10-fold cross-validation. The results showed that the Naive Bayes algorithm performed best with an accuracy of 92.4%, precision of 89.7%, and sensitivity of 94.2%. The most important predictors of dropout were current GPA (0.284), attendance rate (0.195), participation score (0.148), and weekly study hours (0.117). A significant negative correlation was observed between current GPA and dropout risk (-0.674). Regression analysis indicated that all main variables except gender had a significant effect on dropout risk. This study demonstrates that using big data and machine learning algorithms can be a powerful tool for predicting dropout and identifying at-risk students. The results contribute to the development of early warning systems that allow for timely intervention and dropout prevention. The practical implications of this research include improving educational policymaking, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing the quality of student support services. https://www.juac.ir/article_225779.html Recent advancements in immersive technologies, including Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), have provided unprecedented opportunities to enhance the quality of science education. These technologies can transform abstract and complex scientific concepts into visual and interactive experiences, which can facilitate a deeper understanding among students. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of using VR and AR technologies on the visualization of complex science concepts and to analyze its impact on students' academic motivation. The primary research questions are: Does the use of VR/AR lead to a significant improvement in academic motivation? How do these technologies affect the understanding of complex scientific concepts? This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design on 384 students from various science disciplines (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, and Engineering). Data collection instruments included an academic motivation scale, an academic performance test, and a concept comprehension scale. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the VR/AR intervention led to a significant improvement in all dependent variables. Academic motivation increased from 3.25 to 4.05 (t=39.44, p<0.001, d=2.01), academic performance from 14.55 to 17.08 (t=41.61, p<0.001, d=2.12), and concept comprehension from 2.89 to 3.81 (t=56.72, p<0.001, d=2.89). Technology engagement (r=-0.074) and technology acceptance (r=-0.121) showed weak negative correlations with the improvement in motivation. The use of VR/AR technologies in science education has a significant positive impact on academic motivation and the understanding of complex concepts. These findings provide strong support for the integration of these technologies into science curricula. Practical implications include the necessity of developing VR/AR-based educational content, training instructors, and providing appropriate technical infrastructure. https://www.juac.ir/article_232085.html Citizenship rights, as one of the fundamental pillars of social and political development, play an important role in strengthening social participation. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the realization of citizenship rights and its impact on social participation. The research method was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) one, and semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population consisted of 400 citizens from different regions of Iran who were selected using a cluster random sampling method. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and quantitative data using correlation tests and regression analysis. The findings showed that awareness of citizenship rights with an average score of 4.2 out of 5 and transparency with an average of 3.8 are key factors in increasing social participation. Also, the use of digital technologies was identified as an effective tool in improving awareness and access to public services. In the qualitative section, weakness in public education and insufficient transparency in government institutions were identified as the main obstacles to the realization of citizenship rights. The results showed that strengthening citizenship education, improving transparency in the administrative system, and reducing geographic and social inequalities can lead to increased social participation. This research suggests that coherent educational programs, the use of digital technologies, and the creation of transparency infrastructures in the administrative system should be considered as solutions to improve the status of citizenship rights and social participation. https://www.juac.ir/article_232086.html The present study examines the legal nature of life insurance in the Iranian legal system. The main research question is to analyze the jurisprudential and legal challenges of life insurance, especially in the three areas of gharar, usury, and obligations in favor of a third party. This research was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method and an inductive approach. The data were collected through a review of 50 sources including 35 scientific research articles, 10 specialized books, and 5 legal documents and analyzed using a three-stage coding method (open, axial, and selective). The findings showed that gharar is the most important jurisprudential challenge with a frequency of 84% and there is a significant relationship between the transparency of contracts and the efficiency of the life insurance system (r = -0.78, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that contract transparency (β = 0.45), calculation standardization (β = 0.38), and Sharia supervision (β = 0.32) are the most important factors affecting the efficiency of the life insurance system (R² = 0.72). The comparative study showed that successful countries in the field of Islamic life insurance, using the Takaful model and Islamic contracts, have been able to achieve a level of contractual transparency of 85%, while this indicator in Iran is 65%. The results show that success in the life insurance market requires an integrated approach that considers both jurisprudential aspects and implementation requirements. https://www.juac.ir/article_232632.html Gamification, an innovative approach to incorporating game elements into non-game contexts in digital marketing, particularly in product sales through Instagram, plays a pivotal role in enhancing users’ purchase decisions. This study, employing a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), aimed to identify influential authors, articles, journals, countries, and institutions in the field of gamification and virtual sales on Instagram, as well as to extract key components affecting purchase decisions from 2010 to June 2025. The significance of purchase decisions in this study lies in their ability to assist brands in designing effective marketing strategies, while their necessity is underscored by the optimization of digital interactions and the enhancement of conversion rates on social platforms. The research method was mixed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the quantitative section, a scientometric method was used, utilizing software tools such as Publish or Perish, Excel, VOSviewer, RStudio, and R. In the qualitative section, MAXQDA 2020 was employed for content analysis of the top ten articles. Content analysis was explored in a limited number of articles due to the scarcity of empirical studies in this domain. The results revealed that authors Behl and Jayawardena, with four articles each, were the most influential. The article by Behl et al., with 120 citations, was the most prominent, and content analysis identified ten key components influencing purchase decisions: digital rewards, interactive challenges, sentiment analysis, personalized interactions, content optimization, purchase behavior prediction, ethical data management, digital marketing, customer relationship management, and visual content quality. These findings, with a focus on purchase decisions in sports marketing, provide an innovative framework for designing gamified strategies that enhance digital marketing approaches and strengthen purchase decisions, proving valuable for brands, researchers, and decision-makers in optimizing sales on Instagram. https://www.juac.ir/article_232778.html Background and Objective: With the growing involvement of governments in economic activities, evaluating the performance of state-owned holding companies has become a major challenge for management systems. This study aims to develop a comprehensive model for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of large economic holdings affiliated with the Iranian government. Method: Key performance indicators were identified and analyzed across four dimensions: economic-financial, environmental, social, and transparency/corporate governance. A combination of qualitative content analysis and literature review was employed to extract the indicators, followed by the DEMATEL technique to analyze causal relationships. The research population included seven major holding companies and ten experts in management and planning, selected through judgmental sampling. Findings: The results indicated that indicators such as group management and strategy, teamwork and collaboration, and compliance with regulations and ethical governance are the main drivers of systematic organizational performance. In contrast, indicators such as profitability, innovation, customer relations, and environmental performance are more influenced by other variables. Among the studied dimensions, economic and transparency aspects were found to be the most influential on overall holding performance. Conclusion: The proposed model, by addressing multiple levels (individual, team, organization, and holding), enables managers to focus on key factors for holistic performance improvement. The findings serve as a practical guideline for designing performance evaluation policies and enhancing the effectiveness of public sector investments. https://www.juac.ir/article_239939.html In today's competitive environment, organizations require a framework that not only enables effective talent acquisition and retention, but also fosters employee commitment, compliance with organizational decisions, and active participation. This study aims to propose a model for developing a Human Resource Acceptance Zone (HRAZ) with a focus on talent attraction and retention policies.The research is developmental in purpose and exploratory in nature. The statistical population consists of employees of Sepah Bank in West Azerbaijan Province. The sample was selected in two main groups: experts (using purposive sampling) and bank staff (through stratified random sampling). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through the Fuzzy Delphi technique and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS 3 software.The findings revealed that the proposed model comprises four dimensions: individual factors, managerial and organizational factors, talent attraction and retention policies, and contextual and communication factors. Among these, managerial and organizational factors showed the strongest correlation with the development of the Human Resource Acceptance Zone.